Conditional cash transfer programs have spread to over 60 countries in the past two decades, but little is known about their long-term effects. We estimate the lasting impact of childhood exposure to ...

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...

Abstract: Inspired by works on the Markov process based steganalysis, we propose a new steganalysis technique based on the conditional probability statistics. Specifically we focus on its performance ...

Discover how emotional biases impact stock market crash estimates. See why expert analysis suggests lower risk and learn how to refine your own forecasts.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

where $l$ and $u$ are the lower and upper probability bounds, while $\phi$ and $\psi$ denote propositional logic formulas. For example the following two sentences ...

Before diving into the techniques for finding missing probabilities, it's essential to understand the fundamental properties of probability distributions. A probability distribution is a mathematical ...