During 7nm gate poly removal process, polysilicon is removed exposing both NFET and PFET fins in preparation for high-k gate oxide. If the polysilicon etch is too aggressive or the source and drain ...

Holes in the heart are simple congenital (kon-JEN-ih-tal) heart defects. Congenital heart defects are problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth. These defects change the normal ...

An atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a condition in which there is a hole between the chambers of the left and right sides of the heart. Additionally, the valves between the chambers may not ...

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the part of the septum that separates the atria (the upper chambers of the heart). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to flow into the ...

We often don’t realize the engineering that underpins both large structures like airplane windows and small yet essential components like engine cables. These structures often need openings in their ...