Boundary value problems in differential equations constitute a fundamental area of study in mathematical science, where solutions to differential equations are sought under prescribed conditions ...

Boundary-domain integral equations (BDIEs) have emerged as a robust framework for the reformulation and solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) in complex settings. By incorporating integrals over ...

The method of least squares is used to construct approximate solutions to the boundary value problem $\tau f = g_0, B_i(f) = 0$ for $i = 1,\ldots, k$, on the interval ...