Optimal control theory provides a mathematical framework for devising strategies that steer dynamical systems towards a desired performance while minimising a prescribed cost function. In recent ...

Inverse optimal control (IOC) is an advanced methodological framework that seeks to deduce the underlying cost or reward functions based solely on the observation of optimal behaviour. Traditionally, ...

The Takagi--Sugeno (T--S) fuzzy descriptor system offers a promising avenue for controlling non-linear systems but lacks optimal control strategies. Moreover, while robust control methods have been ...