Delta-sigma modulation has emerged as a pivotal technique in CMOS technology for high-resolution analogue‐to‐digital conversion. By utilising oversampling and noise-shaping strategies, this method ...

One popular way to reconstruct analog signals in microcontrollers (µCs) is through pulse width modulation (PWM). However, this modulation produces a large number of harmonic components, which limits ...

Class D modulators can be implemented in many ways, supported by a large quantity of related research and intellectual property. This article will only introduce fundamental concepts.All Class D ...

Based on the amount of e-mail I received after Part 3 of this series (Nov. 7, 2008, p. 18; www.electronicdesign.com, ED Online 19948), many of you have already guessed that an incremental integrator ...